ぱぱネット（仮）

2009-02-25 地道にコツコツと [長年日記]

_ おことわり

以下の文章は素人のヨタ... 馬鹿の戯言なのであまり信用しないように...。

_ [開発][Linux] AjaxとWebサーバの問題点

改めてGoogleMapなどの例を挙げるまでもなく。 GoogleなどのWebアプリケーションの持つ軽快感はAjax技術によるところが大きいわけです。しかし、ページ遷移がなく、非同期イベントで軽快に部分部分が書き換わるというAjaxアプリケーションの特性は、結果的に大量の通信イベントを引き起こします。もちろんGoogleのように数万〜数十万台?の分散サーバ(クラウドサーバ)を持つ企業はいいわけですが、個人サーバだとアクセス数がネックだというお話。

_ [開発][Linux] Ajaxチャットサーバを作ったが...

ここ1週間くらいAjaxチャットサーバを作っていたのですが、仲間うちで運用しようとするとどうしようもなく重い。チャットというのは見掛けよりリアルタイム性の高いアプリケーションなので、けっこう難しいのだ。無論「チャットごとき」が難しいのは俺のプログラミング能力が低いことによるのだが....。

誰かが文章をタイプしてENTERキーを押したとき、それは一瞬でメンバー全員に同報したい。昔のWeb掲示板で、F5キーを連打して「更新されないかなー」と待った覚えがある人もいるでしょう。しかしこれ簡易DOS攻撃になりえます。 Re::Monologueさんのまとめが最もわかりやすいです。ポーリング実装はアレなので回避することにする。

_ [開発][Linux] Comet実装

上記ポーリングに対する答えがCometという技術による疑似サーバプッシュです。これは要するに「サーバにコネクション張りっぱなしにして(データ返さないで)クライアント待たせればいいんじゃね?」という話。現実にはクライアントタイムアウトがあるので永続性はないのですが、現状は汎用的なWebブラウザとノンプラグインでサーバプッシュを実装するには、Cometしかないみたい。 JavaScript側のコードについてはCodeZineさんが詳しい。というか俺はこれをマルパクした(笑)

じゃあCometで万事解決かというと....ようやっと本題なんだけど....

多数のクライアントを待たせておく
あるとき、メッセージが登録されてウェイトが一斉に外れる
当然クライアントからサーバにリクエストが集中する
さらにクライアントの状態が変わった場合、ログイン状態などを更新するためのAjax.Updaterなども集中する
すぐ上記CometLongPoll()のコネクションは張り直さないと次のメッセージを取りこぼす

という問題が発生する。というか発生した。CodeZineさんはサーバサイドをネイティブJavaでコーディングしていたが、俺はApache2 + Perlスクリプト。PerlはIO::Socket select()とSQLite3を使った同期をするわけね。まあ本質的にこの構造が良くないんだがね....SQLite3は行ロックはおろかテーブルロックですらない DBロックなので(だよね?) 、誰かが使っていると絶対に他の処理はCommit()できない。これに Apache2のCGIの起動の遅さが加わると壊滅的になる。

_ [開発][Linux] POE::Component::Server::HTTPによる実装

なのでチャット用Webサーバは自作せざるを得ない...という話になる(←それ以前にDBMSを変えろよ)。最初C言語で書こうと思ったのだが正規表現とかいろいろ面倒くさいし、PerlモジュールのPOE::Component::Server::HTTPを使うことにした。サンプルはこんな感じ。これだけでWebサーバが作れちゃう。これもココからマルパクですが。

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use POE qw( Component::Server::HTTP );
use HTTP::Status;
sub root_output {
    my ($content_type) = @_;
    return sub {
       my ($req, $res) = @_;
       print "IP:" . $req->{connection}->{remote_ip} . "\n";
       $res->code(RC_OK);
       $res->content_type('text/html');
       $req->headers->header(Connection => 'close');
       $res->headers->header(CacheControl => 'no-cache');
       $res->headers->header(Pragma => 'no-cache');
       $res->headers->header(Expires => '-1');
       my $html = '<html><body>TEST</body></html>';
       $res->content($html);
       return RC_OK;
   };
}
my $servers = {};
my @listenports = (8891);
foreach my $serverport (@listenports) {
   $servers->{$serverport} =
       POE::Component::Server::HTTP->new(
               Port => $serverport,
               ContentHandler => {
                   '/'            => &root_output()
               }
   );
}
POE::Kernel->run();
exit 0;

とりあえず。チャットサーバのステータス画面(SQLite3検索してCGI::FastTemplateでレンダリングして900bytesくらいのHTMLを出力)をApache2(CGI)とPOEで実装し簡単なベンチマークをとってみた。なかなかいい感じに見えるがどうだろうか。

というか Apache2ってマジ遅いんだな...。

Document Length:        869 bytes
Concurrency Level:      16
Time taken for tests:   35.217505 seconds
Complete requests:      300
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      340500 bytes
HTML transferred:       260700 bytes
Requests per second:    8.52 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       1878.267 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       117.392 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          9.43 [Kbytes/sec] received

POEだと余計なオーバーヘッドがないので速いと。

Document Length:        869 bytes
Concurrency Level:      16
Time taken for tests:   1.584481 seconds
Complete requests:      300
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      326400 bytes
HTML transferred:       260700 bytes
Requests per second:    189.34 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       84.506 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       5.282 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          200.70 [Kbytes/sec] received

_ [時事] その頃グーグル先生は・・・

Googleは1つの検索クエリーに対し、1000台のマシンを使って0.2秒で処理している

規模が違い過ぎんだろ！！（Ｔ＿Ｔ）

ちまちまやってるのがアフォらしくなるわ。

本日のツッコミ(全70件) [ツッコミを入れる]

_ ＡｏｉＭｏｅ (2009-02-25 02:35)

Apache 通さずに CGI スクリプトを直接 300 回起動しても同じくらいの時間がかかったりしませんか :D

_ ぱ (2009-02-25 13:36)

というか単体起動のほうが遥かに遅いのはわかりきってますがな ;-) fork()しまくるわけだから。 商業サーバだとApacheスレッド数百個常駐のサーバが1000台、 なんて構成が単なるフロントエンドだったりするのかしら。 はて?300プロセス起動してセマフォで待たせておいて一斉に動かしたらどうな(略

_ えとりん (2009-02-25 13:55)

☆自作乙☆

_ ＡｏｉＭｏｅ (2009-02-26 03:10)

えっと……CGIってApache2であろうとなかろうと1回1回fork+execveするもんですよね。

_ ぱ (2009-02-26 09:09)

ああなるほど「Apache2が遅い」という表現がまずかろうということですか。 スミマセン。「標準Apache2が遅いのはプロセスforkのせい」とちうことで。

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